抄録
Improving phosphorus use efficiency while sustaining crop productivity is a major challenge in wheat–maize rotation systems, particularly in phosphorus-limited regions. Based on a long-term field experiment in northern Shaanxi, this study evaluated the effects of single-season phosphorus application on yield formation, dry matter partitioning, phosphorus uptake and use efficiency, and soil phosphorus dynamics. Single-season phosphorus application significantly increased biomass accumulation and grain yield by promoting dry matter translocation to grains and enhancing phosphorus acquisition and utilization. Appropriate phosphorus application rates also maintained adequate soil available phosphorus while reducing fertilizer inputs and potential environmental risks. The integrated agronomic and soil responses indicate that the yield advantage of single-season phosphorus application is primarily associated with improved phosphorus cycling and more efficient coordination between crop phosphorus demand and soil nutrient supply. These findings demonstrate that single-season phosphorus application is an effective strategy for simultaneously enhancing crop productivity, phosphorus use efficiency, and fertilizer sustainability, providing a physiological and agronomic basis for optimizing phosphorus management in wheat–maize rotation systems.
