Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Online ISSN : 1347-5215
Print ISSN : 0918-6158
ISSN-L : 0918-6158
Review
The Tumor Microenvironment Remodeled by Epstein–Barr Virus: From Primary Site to Distant Metastatic Niche
Qiuyun LiYuping LiuYong ChenYujuan HuangYayan DengQianqing FanLihong HuangXue LiuJiaxiang YeYongqiang LiJiazhang Wei Jinyan Zhang
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2025 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 495-506

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Abstract

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most pervasive viruses worldwide, and EBV infection is inextricably linked to a multitude of lymphoid and epithelial neoplasms. EBV is responsible for the advancement of malignant disease by modifying the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a sophisticated and evolving system that facilitates tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. EBV infection has a profound impact on the cellular and noncellular components that constitute the TME. Our review presents a summary of the composition of the EBV-remodeled TME, with a particular focus on EBV-induced functional phenotypes in non-tumor cells. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for reversing EBV-driven TME remodeling as a therapeutic strategy for treating the malignancies associated with EBV infection.

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© 2025 Author(s).
Published by The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons [Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International] license.
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