The current management of cholangiocarcinoma: A comparison of current guidelines

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) accounts for about 3% of all gastrointestinal tumors and is the second most common primary liver tumor. Quality guidelines on CC are needed to guide hepatobiliary surgeons. Here, current guidelines on CC were reviewed to provide useful information and suggestions to help institutes and organizations all around the world to draft better guidelines on CC. Literature databases were electronically searched to identify guidelines or consensus statements regarding CC published from 2002-2016. Nine guidelines were included in this review. Comparison of the current guidelines revealed several inconsistencies. Signs of conflicting views indicated a lack of high level evidence. More studies need to be conducted in areas of contention to help update the guidelines. Organizations and medical societies need to be encouraged to use standard evaluation measures, to restrict tumors to CC or iCC, pCC, or dCC specifically, to give recommendations in accordance with the equipment that is available for diagnosis and treatment in different counties, and to use an appropriate and consistent structure when establishing and drafting guidelines for CC.