A Study of Application Methods and Countermeasures for Sustainable Remediation in Lead Surface Soil Contaminated Land

Abstract

In surface soil contamination by lead, the soil excavation and removal is often used as a main remediation method, and there is concern about the adverse effects on the environment, economy, and society of excessive treatment. In this study, the sustainable remediation methods were examined by calculating parameters to evaluate the residual health risks and the environmental, economic, and social impacts of each remediation method at different excavation depths of the soil to be remediated, using actual measurements of the vertical distribution of lead content in the soil. It was found that with sufficient soil fill or pavement, 50 cm of the soil excavation and removal would reduce the health risk and halve other environmental impacts and costs of countermeasures. Measuring detailed depth profiles were found to reduce environmental, economic, and social impacts as well as health risks.