日本在来家畜に関する遺伝学的研究 2. 南西諸島の在来やぎについて

鈴木 正三; 林田 重幸; 山内 忠平; 野沢 謙; 田中 一栄; 渡辺 誠喜; 西中川 駿; 庄武 孝義

doi:10.2508/chikusan.38.443

日本在来家畜に関する遺伝学的研究

2. 南西諸島の在来やぎについて

鈴木正三, 林田重幸, 山内忠平, 野沢謙, 田中一栄, 渡辺誠喜, 西中川駿, 庄武孝義

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1967 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 443-452

DOI https://doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.38.443

詳細

発行日: 1967/10/25 受付日: 1967/05/31 J-STAGE公開日: 2008/03/10 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル訂正内容: -

訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル訂正内容: -

訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : In order to clarify the genetic characters of native goats during four years from 1961, the six characters: coat colors, existence of horns, wattles and supernumerary teats, blood groups antigens G1 and G2 and intersexuality, of them in Tokara, Amami and Goto archipelagoes, western coast of Nagasaki Pre., Tane, Yaku and their adjacent small islands and Ryukyu Islands were investigated. Moreover, some of the goats having morphologically native types were measured on their body size. The results were summarized as follows:
1) The populations of meat goats in Goto archipelago, western coast of Nagasaki Pre. and Tane, Yaku and their adjacent small islands had a dominant white gene (I) on their coat color. The coat colors of individuals which had a pair of recessive color gene (i) were brown, black-brown, black or chocolate-color, and native goats in Takara-jima (Takara archipelago) had brown stripe color. In some of Ryukyu Islands many individuals of such colored goats
existed. These native goats had the autosomal recessive gene (p) in homozygote, which controls horned character. When they were turned to hybrid, they had both a dominant hornless gene (P) and a pair of recessive intersex gene (h). Moreover, they had no a dominant gene (W) which controls the existence of wattles, and almost all had supernumerary teats which disappear in the process of hybridization.
On blood groups antigens, native goats had very high frequency of appearance of dominant genes which control G1 and G2 antigen, but the frequency of appearance became to decrease when they were turned to hybrid.
2) Body sizes in the populations of native goats in solitary islands were small and those of many individuals were intermediate between native goats and Saanen breeds, namely withers heights being 50-55 cm and body lengths 51-62cm.
3) The homogeneities of genetic characters of native goats were high in solitary islands and able to be considered as the special feature of native goats and they were low in the districts where Saanen breeds and others might be introduced by the reason of convenient communication. Generally speaking on the native goats in all districts investigated, it was considered that they maintained their special feature in solitary islands, but they had been in the process of hybridization in another districts.
Right : In order to clarify the genetic characters of native goats during four years from 1961, the six characters: coat colors, existence of horns, wattles and supernumerary teats, blood groups antigens G1 and G2 and intersexuality, of them in Tokara, Amami and Goto archipelagoes, western coast of Nagasaki Pre., Tane, Yaku and their adjacent small islands and Ryukyu Islands were investigated. Moreover, some of the goats having morphologically native types were measured on their body size. The results were summarized as follows:
1) The populations of meat goats in Goto archipelago, western coast of Nagasaki Pre. and Tane, Yaku and their adjacent small islands had a dominant white gene (I) on their coat color. The coat colors of individuals which had a pair of recessive color gene (i) were brown, black-brown, black or chocolate-color, and native goats in Takara-jima (Takara archipelago) had brown stripe color. In some of Ryukyu Islands many individuals of such colored goats existed. These native goats had the autosomal recessive gene (p) in homozygote, which controls horned character. When they were turned to hybrid, they had both a dominant hornless gene (P) and a pair of recessive intersex gene (h). Moreover, they had no a dominant gene (W) which controls the existence of wattles, and almost all had supernumerary teats which disappear in the process of hybridization.
On blood groups antigens, native goats had very high frequency of appearance of dominant genes which control G1 and G2 antigen, but the frequency of appearance became to decrease when they were turned to hybrid.
2) Body sizes in the populations of native goats in solitary islands were small and those of many individuals were intermediate between native goats and Saanen breeds, namely withers heights being 50-55 cm and body lengths 51-62cm.
3) The homogeneities of genetic characters of native goats were high in solitary islands and able to be considered as the special feature of native goats and they were low in the districts where Saanen breeds and others might be introduced by the reason of convenient communication. Generally speaking on the native goats in all districts investigated, it was considered that they maintained their special feature in solitary islands, but they had been in the process of hybridization in another districts.

訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル訂正内容: -

抄録

1961年から1964年にわたり,トカラ群島,奄美群島,五島列島,長崎県西海岸,種子島,屋久島および琉球諸島などに分布する肉用の在来やぎについて毛色,角の有無,肉髯,副乳頭の有無,血液型抗原G1,G2の有無,間性の6形質たつき調査し,また代表的個体についてはその体尺につき主要部位を計測し,在来やぎの遺伝的特徴を追求した.その結果次の事項が認められた.
1) 五島列島,長崎県西海岸および種子島,屋久島,上三島の地域集団の肉用やぎには白色個体(I_)が多い.有色(ii)には褐色,黒褐色,黒色およびチョコレート色があるが,トカラ群島宝島の在来やぎは褐色斑を呈する.琉球諸島中のいくつかの離島にもこの種の毛色を呈する個体が多く分布している.
角については在来やぎは有角を支配する常染色体性劣性遺伝子(p)をホモ接合体の形で有する.雑種化されると優性の無角遺伝子(P)およびそれと同時に間性を支配する劣性遺伝子(h)が流入する.純粋の在来やぎは肉髯を支配する1個の優性遺伝子(W)を欠き雑種化されたものにはこの遺伝子が存在する.副乳頭は殆んどこれを有するが,雑種化によりこれを欠くものが増加する.
また在来やぎのG1抗原,G2抗原の存在を支配する両優性遺伝子の頻度は極めて高いが,雑種化によりその頻度が低下する.
2) 体格は交通不便な孤島のものは一般に小型であるが,大部分のものはこの種のものとザーネン種との中間で体高は50～55cm,体長は51～62cmである.
3) 遺伝形質の均質度は一般に孤島では高く在来種としての特徴が保有されている.交通便利にしてザーネン種その他の品種が導入される可能性の高い地域の集団では,その値は低く,雑種化の現象を反映するものと考えられる.即ち調査地域全域に亘つてその在来やぎは孤島では未だこの本由の特徴を保有しつつ生存しているが,その他の地域では雑種化されつつ飼養されているものと考えられる.

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