Patients demonstrating critical limb ischemia with a long-distance occlusion of the major arteries are sometimes poor candidates for bypass surgery, because tandem occlusion complicates distal anastomoses and poor run-off causes early occlusion of bypass grafts. In order to resolve these problems, angiogenesis therapy was attempted by subcutaneous injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor either before or after peripheral bypass surgery in 2 cases. (Circ J 2008; 72: 1385 - 1387)
