Anti-inflammatory Alkaloids from the Stems of Picrasma quassioides BENNET

Abstract

During further chemical and biological investigations of Picrasma quassioides BENNET, four new bis-β-carboline alkaloids, quassidines E—H (1—4), and three new β-carboline alkaloids, canthin-16-one-14-butyric acid (5), 3-(1,1-dimethoxylmethyl)-β-carboline (6), and 6,12-dimethoxy-3-formyl-β-carboline (7), were isolated from its anti-inflammatory CHCl₃-soluble fraction. Structures of new compounds were elucidated and characterized by MS and NMR analysis. A plausible biogenetic pathway for quassidine E (1), the first bis-β-carboline alkaloid in which a canthin-6-one moiety and a β-carboline moiety were connected together by a single carbon–carbon bond from the nature, was proposed. Quassidines E—G (1—3) showed potent inhibitory activity on the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), or interleukin 6 (IL-6) in mouse monocyte-macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analysis of anti-inflammatory activity of all β-carboline and bis-β-carboline alkaloids from P. quassioides showed that the carbonyl groups or double carbon–carbon bonds at C-14 for β-carbolines and C-14′ for bis-β-carbolines were bioactive groups for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Structure–activity relationship of these compounds on inhibitory activity of the three inflammatory cytokines was discussed.