Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationship of a Ryanodine Receptor 2 Inhibitor

Abstract

Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is a large Ca²⁺-release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac muscle cells. It serves to release Ca²⁺ from the SR into the cytosol to initiate muscle contraction. RyR2 overactivation is associated with arrhythmogenic cardiac disease, but few specific inhibitors have been reported so far. Here, we identified an RyR2-selective inhibitor 1 from the chemical compound library and synthesized it from glycolic acid. Synthesis of various derivatives to investigate the structure–activity relationship of each substructure afforded another two RyR2-selective inhibitors 6 and 7, among which 6 was the most potent. Notably, compound 6 also inhibited Ca²⁺ release in cells expressing the RyR2 mutants R2474S, R4497C and K4750Q, which are associated with cardiac arrhythmias such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). This inhibitor is expected to be a useful tool for research on the structure and dynamics of RyR2, as well as a lead compound for the development of drug candidates to treat RyR2-related cardiac disease.