抄録
1) Ammonia solutions of low concentrations cause the dehydration of chromosomes and the spindle and also an associated phenomenon of the enlargement of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and after the replacement of the solutions with water di-diploid nuclei and bi-nucleate cells are formed. The manner of affection is the same as in the cases of alkaloids, narcotics and neutral salts.
2) Sodium hydroxide affects mitosis in a similar manner to ammonia, but the ranges of effective concentrations and effective time lengths of immersion, in which range an adequate dehydration of chromosomes and the spindle is brought about and di-diploid nuclei or bi-nucleate cells can be formed after replacing the solution with water, seem to be narrower than in the case of ammonia. In this respect this case is comparable to the cases of heavy metal salts.
3) In salt solutions of alkaline reaction (Na2HPO4, NaHCO3) in medium concentrations, chromosomes and the spindle are also dehydrated in association with the enlargement of the vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and di-diploid nuclei or bi-nucleate cells are formed when the replacement of the solution with water is made. The manner of affection is similar to the case of ammonia solutions of low concentrations.
4) Acids (acetic acid and lactic acid) always act on cells as coagulating agent. After the replacement of the acids with water, the vacuoles in the cytoplasm are enlarged temporarily, and chromosomes and the spindle are dehydrated, but in this case the formation of di-diploid nuclei and bi-nucleate cells is possible only when the medium is replaced with water at the first stage toward coagulation and is successful only in a few cases. In this case the range of effective time length of immersion is very narrow as in the cases of heavy metal salts.
