Measurement and modeling of spectral transmission tilt in WDM systems due to stimulated Raman scattering

Abstract

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) degrades the performance of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical fiber communication systems by amplifying the longer-wavelength channels at the expense of shorter-wavelength channels, and making the spectral profile of transmission tilted. The spectral transmission tilt due to SRS of single-mode fiber span is measured by using a technique to separate it from the total loss profile of the fiber. An empirical model is developed to predict the transmission tilt for single-mode fiber of any fiber length under various optical power levels. The application of the model in test and evaluation of gain-flattened optical fiber amplifiers is introduced.