Abstract
This article explores the crucial role of biodiversity in crop growth and ecosystem services. Firstly, it introduces how biodiversity enhances ecosystem services, including pollination, soil health, and nutrient cycling. Next, it discusses the role of biodiversity in pest and disease management, highlighting how diverse plant and animal species can reduce crop damage through natural control mechanisms, decrease reliance on chemical pesticides, and lower pathogen transmission risks through diverse plant communities. Furthermore, the article examines how biodiversity improves crop resilience to environmental changes, including adverse conditions such as drought and salinity. Finally, it analyzes how biodiversity increases ecosystem stability and resilience, enabling ecosystems to effectively cope with climate change and extreme weather events while maintaining productivity and ecological functions.
