抄録
The study of Earth’s internal structure and dynamic processes is a fundamental scientific issue for understanding the evolution of the Earth system and the nature of geodynamic activities. This paper discusses the layered characteristics of Earth’s interior and the dominant dynamic processes, covering key research areas such as seismic tomography, gravity and magnetic field exploration, mantle convection, material cycling, and heat transfer. Seismic tomography reveals the detailed three-dimensional structure from the crust to the inner core, while gravity and geomagnetic observations provide critical constraints on the density distribution and conductivity structure of Earth’s deep interior, aiding in the identification of fluid dynamics in the mantle and outer core. Mantle convection is widely regarded as the primary driving force of plate tectonics and surface structural movements, and deep material cycling plays a crucial role in maintaining Earth’s long-term thermal state and chemical evolution. Research on internal heat transfer mechanisms helps to elucidate the distribution of deep heat sources and their control over global tectonic processes. With the continuous advancement of high-resolution geophysical imaging technologies, deep Earth experiments, geochemical tracing, and numerical simulation methods, studies on Earth’s internal structure and evolution are moving toward higher precision, multi-scale coupling, and interdisciplinary integration. In the future, the integration of seismology, geodynamics, geomagnetic and gravity exploration, and advanced simulation techniques is expected to deepen our understanding of internal Earth processes and provide theoretical support for planetary science, Earth system modeling, and resource and environmental research.
