I reconstructed Śubhakarasiṃha’s Kongokai maṇḍala 金剛界曼荼羅 on the basis of the Gobushinkan 五部心観 in the Onjō-ji 園城寺 collection. In doing so, I focused on the differences in direction and gender of the images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The maṇḍala is circular, in orientation to be viewed from above, with the Buddha section in the center, the Treasure section on the left, the Vajra section below, the Karma section on the right and the Lotus flower section above.
