2025 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 51-60
This study assessed the vulnerability of households in the Cangaranan Watershed to climate variability and extremes and examined their adaptive strategies. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions across two municipalities in Antique Province, Philippines: Bugasong and Valderrama. The study involved 192 randomly selected respondents, complemented by socio-demographic data and development plans from municipal and provincial sources. A community-based vulnerability index was developed to identify the key factors contributing to this vulnerability. The findings revealed that the average respondent age was over 55 years, with a balanced gender distribution (54% women). Most respondents were married, had diverse educational backgrounds, and had an average monthly household income of PhP 12,434.00. Agriculture, particularly rice farming, is the primary livelihood in this area. The watershed has faced severe climate-related challenges over the past two decades, including numerous typhoons (e.g., Frank, Ondoy, Yolanda, Paeng, and Odette), prolonged droughts (notably during the 2009-2015 period), and recent El Nino events (2023-2024). These events have resulted in food shortages, water scarcity, and disruption of domestic water supply. Farmers employ various coping mechanisms, such as reducing consumption, taking out loans, and seeking assistance from social networks, NGOs, and government agencies. This study underscores the urgent need for effective and inclusive climate resilience strategies, emphasizing the importance of development planning that prioritizes the most vulnerable populations. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term impact of adaptation measures and addressing socioeconomic barriers in marginalized communities.
