Long-term Evaluation of Partial Splenic Embolization Followed by Interferon Therapy in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Cirrhosis and Thrombocytopenia

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Objective Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia are often excluded from receiving interferon therapy because the treatment results in severe platelet depletion. Surgical splenectomy or partial splenic embolization (PSE) is a promising procedure for increasing the platelet count before interferon therapy. We performed PSE and evaluated the long-term clinical course in HCV cirrhotic patients.
Methods Patients with HCV cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia were included (n=108) in this study. The straight-coiled PSE procedure (Takatsuka method) was performed. The platelet count, hemodynamic changes, rate of a sustained virological response (SVR) and prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated.
Results PSE resulted in a significant increase in the platelet count (before PSE: 7.9±2.3×10⁴/μL, two weeks after PSE: 16.7±6.6×10⁴/μL (p<0.001). Therefore, all participants were started on regular-dose interferon therapy. The SVR rate was 24% for serotype 1 and 62% for serotype 2. In the biochemical responders (BR) with SVR, the overall survival rate was 94.6% over five years and 89.3% over 10 years. In the non-responders (NR), the overall survival rate was 78.7% over five years and 62.2% over 10 years. The overall survival rate of the patients with SVR+BR was significantly higher than that observed in the patients with NR (p=0.0082). There were no differences in the prevalence of HCC between the patients with SVR+BR and NR.
Conclusion PSE enabled the induction of regular-dose interferon therapy in patients with HCV cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia. Although the prevalence of HCC did not differ between the SVR+BR and NR patients, there was a significant survival benefit in the patients with SVR+BR.