揺らぐジャーナリズムの役割

ジャーナリズム文化研究を手がかりに

抄録

Globalization and digitalization have brought challenges to the organization and practices of journalism. Entangled with the changes on the ground, journalism studies have also faced challenges to go beyond its traditional approach toward the ideas, concepts, theories, and methodologies of the studies of journalism. This study examines the discussions on diverse roles of journalism, including developmental and peace journalism in the third world or developing world, and the methodological approach to operationally measure the roles of journalism from the studies on journalism culture. From the accumulated discussion on the diverse roles of journalism, this paper argues that the various roles of journalism cannot be placed as supplementary or alternative to objective or detached journalism. Rather, it elucidates that diverse roles coexist, and different roles of journalism can emerge more prominently depending on the topic, media channel, journalistic organization, and the socio-political context in which journalism is practiced. To understand how the journalistic role is conceived and perceived by journalists, there have been cross-national comparative studies since the late 1990s with the global turn of journalism studies. However, the perception of journalistic roles does not necessarily suggest that the roles are materialized in the outcome. There could be a gap between the perception and the outcome. Considering this discrepancy, global studies on journalism culture incorporate the studies on journalistic role conception/perception (survey) with studies on journalistic role performance (content analysis) and analyze the manifestations of journalism culture by situating those in socio-political context of that given society. This holistic approach to investigating journalism culture is expected to be one of the fruitful ways in examining and tracing the current multi-faceted journalism and its changes.