世界銀行の教育政策(III <特集3>国際機関の教育政策)

抄録

The World Bank is one of the United Nations' specialized agencies, and is made up of 184 member countries. The "World Bank" is the name that has come to be used for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank plays a very important role in both educational development policy in developing countries and the education aid policy of other aid agencies. World Bank lending for education, which started in 1963, has been increasing. And, it has increased rapidly since the 1990's. In this article, I outline four stages in the history of World Bank lending for education: (1) Lending for education based on manpower planning (1963-1974); (2) Emphasis on primary education based on rate of return analysis; (3) Structural adjustment lending in education (1983-1989); (4) Increasing assistance for basic education after the World Conference on Education for All (after 1990). Recently, the World Bank has come out with new policies, such as sector-wide approaches (SWAPS), a comprehensive development framework (CDF), a poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP), a fast-track initiative (FTI), and so on. Now, the World Bank has to face the challenge of making these policies effective in order to improve education in developing countries.