違法薬物・医薬品の使用と自動車運転

—疫学的・実験的研究，及び対策の概観—

抄録

In many motorized countries, concern has been growing about driving under the influence of substances other than alcohol, i.e. illicit drugs such as cannabis and amphetamine, as well as medicinal drugs such as sedatives and antihistamine.　These drugs affect central nervous system, thus may impair driving performance and pose danger to traffic safety.　The nature of the problem and the current scientific evidence is yet unknown in Japan.　This report aimed to overview the issue of drug driving by way of systematic literature search of studies published between 2000 and 2012.　A total of 62 peer-reviewed articles and relevant reports have been identified that include meta-analyses, systematic/narrative reviews, or original investigations into the risk of traffic accident or impairment caused by drug driving.　The present work attempted to summarize epidemiological research estimating accident risk of drug driving, experimental research investigating effects of drug impairment on driving performance, and finally, current interventions aiming at efficient detection of drug driving.　Further research needs, future research direction in traffic psychology, and implication to traffic safety in Japan is discussed.