Anthropometry is a simple, easy, and cost-effective technique to measure size, shape, and proportion of human body. Because of its versatile nature, anthropometry has been utilized in diverse disciplines to assess growth and development, nutritional status, health risks and physical performance. On the other hand, there is a concern about a lack of understanding on ways to utilize the results obtained from anthropometry. In the present review, a brief history of anthropometry and common techniques to report results obtained from anthropometry were described. The review also suggested current considerations on application of anthropometry and its future prospects in Japan.