This special theme, "Histories and Emotions Pioneered by Autoethnography," focuses on a method called "autoethnography," a field of life writing in which examples of its practice have been observed in Japan in recent years, to reconsider its anthropological significance and open up new possibilities in research. Through such a method of contextualizing "lived experience," this special theme aims to critically examine the everydayness culturally constituting the selves, rooted in the historical experiences of colonialism and imperialism, by writing life histories of several generations of families regarding the colonial rule and war by the Empire of Japan. In the introduction, we review previous studies of autoethnography, mainly in anthropology, and then examine its potential and significance, connecting it with the findings of reflexive ethnography, narrative approaches to the relationship between self and others, Tojisha-Kenkyu, anthropology of everydayness, performative approaches to personal historical experience, and so on.