統一的なる態度心理学の原理としての態度の兩極性

弁別閾の因子分析

抄録

Although there are special areas within the whole domain of psychology that are commonly disignated as “social”, there is no real point of transition between the social and non-social. At the most simple level, psychology deals with only rather static, immobile objects; at the complex level mobile, powerful, capricious, and causal objects. Thus, it is our methodological conviction that attitudes in strict laboratory situations and attitudes in the most complicated social situations have, essentially, the same psychological mechanism, and that the basic psychological substrate functioning in both instances are the same in nature.
From this point of view, the author studied the polarity of attitude as one of the unitary norm to construct the psychology of attitude. The fact that in certain situation an attitude does involve tension and that the object of an attitude is frequently perceived as demanding action on the part of the individual differentiates attitudes from beliefs in a very important way. It is for this reason that attitude can be designated as either “pro” or “anti” while beliefs are conceived of as neutral.
Generally, there are two aspects in the judgement of scale value of social attitude. In one (S) the scale values are judged in terms of agreement with the statements of attitude, and in the other (S') they are judged in terms of opposition to the statements.
When examined statistically, S-S' has a significant difference. Such significant differences, existing not only in the complicated social situations but also in strict laboratory situations, further psychological investigations and interpretations. The author tried factor analysis of the discriminative threshold in perceptual judgement and found a general factor of attitude in perceptual judgement.