工業の地帯的構成
北九州工業地帯を中心として
1956 年 8 巻 1 号 p. 20-33,78
詳細
1956 年 8 巻 1 号 p. 20-33,78
An industrial region is an organization formed by the mutual relationship of firms. In order, therefore, to investigate such systematic organization, it is essential to analyse the way how the firms are correlated with one another.
For this purpose it is necessary to observe the early start of the industrial region and the process by which the firms have come to belong together to the region.
In the industrial region of North Kyushu, the farmingfishing areas, which were independent of one another, have come to acquire the common function of collecting and distributing coal in Chiku-ho area, on account of necessity of carrying the coal outside of Kyushu, and thus the basis was formed for the realization of modern industries along the coasts of North Kyushu. Moreover with the establishment of Yawata Iron and Steel Works in 1897, the linking of iron and coal on a large scale decided the main line of development which the region was to take. Cement industries, which had been started a little earlier, could not become a central impulse in the formation of the industrial region.
In the industrial area there is no such homogeneity in production as in the agricultural area, and with the areal development there take place diversification and synthesis of industries. In order that this may come to pass, it is necessary the main industry should grow beyond a certain extent.
The reasons why an industrial region contain such a variety of industries are:-
1) Co-existence in an area of such industries as make use of the same materials.
Agglomeration in one area of,
2) industries complementary to the main industry, 3) industries proceding or succeeding the main industry in the stages of production,
4) industries subsidiary to the main industry, 5) supplementary industries such as remedy the unbalance of employment between the sexes,
6) and the attendant agglomeration of the industries orientating for consumers.
The factors that make the industries thus agglomerated fulfil their functions in reality are:
7) the relation of outside order and subcontract among the firms, 8) the formation of groups such as cooperative societies among medium and small firms, etc.
It is for reasons mentioned above that there take place a regional crystalization of those industries, in which, however, the local distribution of industries is regulated on the different locational conditions of each part of the industrial region and consequently the region is locally differentiated.
