We examined the relationship between frequency of watching baseball games and the physical, social, and psychological characteristics among elderly people who participated in an intervention study titled effects of spectating professional baseball at the stadium on healthrelated outcomes in middle-aged and older adults. We used self-administered questionnaires and surveys to determine physical, social, and psychological characteristics. During the study period, we provided participants with free tickets to professional baseball games. We recommended that each participant attend at least two games per month, but to avoid excessive attendance. Following the study period, we used questionnaires to determine the characteristics associated with attendance at professional baseball games. Whether or not a participant attended games frequently was used as the objective variable, and other characteristics were used as explanatory variables in a stepwise multiple regression or multiple logistic regression analysis, to determine which physical, social, and psychological characteristics correlated with attendance frequency. There were 57 participants in this study, with a mean age of 74 years. The mean attendance frequency was 3.3 times per month. Attendance frequency had a significant negative correlation with the presence of an orthopedic disorder. There was a significant positive correlation with the frequency of attendance at social outings. There was also a significant negative correlation with subjective happiness and a positive correlation with physical quality of life. This study showed that elderly participants who frequently attended professional baseball games did not have orthopedic diseases, tended to go on frequent, regular outings, had a low level of subjective happiness, and had a high physical quality of life. Further study is needed to clarify the factors correlated with attendance at sporting events by the elderly. The information can be used to provide an environment conducive to attendance by the elderly at sporting events in stadiums.
