運動技能の観察学習における異なるパフォーマンス水準のモデルの相対的効率

抄録

This study examined relative efficacy of different performance levels' models in observational learning of a motor skill, from the view point of Bandura's Modeling Theory. The motor task used in this study was the free-standing ladder climb task described by Bachman. Subjects (Ss) were seventy-five male undergraduate students, all of whom had previously three trials and climbed to Rung 3 in a screening session. The Ss were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups and the control group (n=15 in each group). The experimental groups observed each of four filmed models, very high performance level's model (VHP), moderately high performance level's model (MHP), same performance level's model (SP), and low performance level's model (LP), while the control group (CON) viewing no model. After the experimental treatments, the Ss were instructed that they had thirty discrete trials and emphasis was placed on going as high as possible on each trial. The Ss' scores were recorded as the rung at which the last proper consecutive step had been attained. The thirty performance trials were grouped into three blocks with ten trials in each block for analysis. Results indicated that the MHP and the LP groups climbed significantly better than all other groups on Block 1, while the difference of performance scores between the MHP and the LP groups was insignificant, and the difference of performance scores among the VHP, the SP, and the CON groups was also insignificant. Moreover, it was revealed that the MHP and the VHP groups performed significantly better than the SP and the CON groups on Blocks 2 and 3, while the difference of performance scores between the MHP and the VHP groups was insignificant, and the difference of performance scores between the SP and the CON groups was also insignificant. These findings were discussed in terms of functions of mental imagery as guides for response reproduction.