スポーツ活動経験による運動能力の発達的特性 : 縦断資料による因子分析的研究

抄録

The purpose of this study is to clarify the developmental characteristics of motor ability with the relationship to the experiences in sports participation with multivariate statistical procedures. Sixty two athlete and 62 non-athlete senior high school boys were tested longitudinally with 16 test items of motor ability and the data were analyzed by factor analytic techniques to investigate the developmental changes of factorial structure of motor ability. The results were summarized as follows: 1) From the examination of the number of the significant principal components and the factors extracted, and interpretation of them through principal factor analysis and normal varimax rotation, it was inferred that the differentiation of the factorial structure of motor ability for the athletes had already advanced as compared with that for the non-athletes when they were enrolled in their high school. 2) The communality for the athletes showed a decreasing tendency in physique and explosive strength tested by simpler motor performance such as vertical jump in accordance with the advance in age. However, an increasing tendency was observed in the communality in explosive strength of more complex nature tested by such items as running broad jump and hand-ball throw. In other words, the relationship of the former variables with others was decreasing, but that of the latter was increasing with the age. For the non-athletes, they showed just opposite tendency. Some differences between the two groups were found in the communalities of such items as flexibility, body bulk and static strength, chinning and 1500M run. 3) For the purpose of investigating the developmental tendency in two dimensional factor space based on a linear model of motor ability, the above mentioned factor analytic techniques were applyed to the pooled correlation matrix of all grades and groups. Two factors, which corresponded to the largest and 2nd, largest contribution to total variance, were extracted and interpreted as dynamic strength factor (Fl) and body bulk and static strength factor (F2), respectively. Then, the means of these factors' scores computed in each grade and group were plotted on the space constructed with these orthogonal factor axes. For the athletes, they were plotted in the domain of F1> F2 throughout grades and the development of Fl was closely accompanied by the development of F2. For the non-athletes, however, they were plotted in the domain of F1<F2 throughout grades and the developmental amount of F1 seemed to be less than that of F2.