A Case of Pseudomembranous Aspergillus Tracheobronchitis in an Asthma Patient Receiving Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy

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Background. Pseudomembranous Aspergillus tracheobronchitis, which shows striking findings in the bronchi, is a rare form of pulmonary aspergillosis. Case. We describe a case of pseudomembranous Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in an asthma patient who was receiving inhaled fluticasone propionate therapy. Bronchofibroscopy revealed a characteristic white mucus layer throughout the trachea and bronchi. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen showed numerous branched hyphae suggestive of Aspergillus in the mucosa. Pseudomembranous Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a rare disease that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. Conclusion. We believe that both asthmatic inflammation in the airway and inhaled corticosteroid therapy might have contributed to the development of pseudomembranous Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.