The purposes of this study were to examine the factor validity of questionnaire items regarding mental toughness based on a theoretical structure, and to select useful questionnaire items.
To select questionnaire items, a hypothetical structure of mental toughness was examined and 102 items were selected, considering an examination of content validity and the results of a preliminary survey. A total of 1,592 male and female athletes were selected as subjects in this study.
From inter-consistency and discrimination analyses, and an examination of the factor validity for each item, 34 items were eliminated and 68 items were selected as useful questionnaire items to measure mental toughness.
