Effects of Breathing Resistance While Inhaling 3% Carbon Dioxide during Steady-State Exercise

Masayoshi TAKAHASHI; Yoshihiro MANO; Masaharu SHIBAYAMA; Nobuo YAMAMI

doi:10.1539/joh.40.213

Masayoshi TAKAHASHI, Yoshihiro MANO, Masaharu SHIBAYAMA, Nobuo YAMAMI

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Keywords: Self-contained self-rescuer, Breathing resistance, Carbon dioxide, Japan Industrial Standard (JIS)

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1998 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 213-217

DOI https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.40.213

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Published: 1998 Received: June 26, 1997 Available on J-STAGE: April 07, 2006 Accepted: March 25, 1998 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: April 07, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Safety Engineering, National Institute for Resources and Environment
2) Department of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
3) Department of Humanities, Komazawa Women''s University

Right :
1) Department of Safety Engineering, National Institute for Resources and Environment
2) Department of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
3) Department of Humanities, Komazawa Women's University

Date of correction: April 07, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : l) Rosenberg BS, White MK. Human factors related to the testing of self-contained breathing apparatus: A review. J ISRP 1991; 9-2: 6-25.
2) Cerretelli P, Sikand SR, Farhi LE. Effect of increased airway resistance on ventilation and gas exchange during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1969; 27: 547-600.
3) Craig FN, Blevins WV, Cummings EG. Exhausting work limited by external resistance and inhalation of carbon dioxide. J Appl Physiol 1970; 29: 847-851.
4) Hermansen L, Vokac Z, Lereim P. Respiratory and circulatory response to added air flow resistance during exercise. Ergonomics 1972; 15: 15-24.
5) Demedts M, Anthonisen NR. Effects of increased airway resistance during steady-state exercise. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 361-366.
6) Flook L, Kelman GR. Submaximal exercise with increased inspiratory resistance to breathing. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 379-384.
7) Dressenbdorfer RH, Wade CE. Combined effects of breathing resistance and hyperoxia on aerobic work tolerance. J Appl Physiol 1977; 42: 444-448.
8) Dahlback GO, Balldin U. Physiological effects of pressure demand masks during heavy exercise. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1984; 45: 177-181.
9) Hof VI. West O, Younes M. Steady-state response of normal subjects to inspiratory resistive load. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 1471-1481.
10) D''urzo AD, Chapman KR, Bebuck AS. Effect of inspiratory resistive loading on control of ventilation during progressive exercise. J Appl Physiol 1987; 62: l34-140.
ll) Babb T. Turner N, Saupe K, Pawelczyk J. Physical performance during combinations of hypercapnic, resistive, and hot air breathing. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1989; 50: 105-111.
l2) Japanese Standards Association, Closed-circuit oxygen self-rescuers. JIS M 7651, 1996 (in Japanese).
l3) Honda Y. Mechanism of exercise hyperpnea. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med 1992; 41: 425-435 (in Japanese).
14) Yoshida T, Fukuba Y. Control of breathing during exercise. Ann Physiol Anthrop 1992; 11: 479-493 (in Japanese).
l5) Miyamura M, Honda Y. Cardiorespiratory regulation during exercise. Respiration and Circulation 1988; 36: 3-11 (in Japanese)
16) Sechzer PH, Egbert LD, Linde HW, Cooper DY, Dripps RD. Price HL. Effect of C0₂ inhalation on arterial pressure, ECG and plasma catecholamines and 17-0H corticosteroids in normal man. J Appl Physiol 1960; 15: 451-458.
17) Comroe JH. The response to carbon dioxide, Physiology of respiration. Chicago: Year book medical publishers, 1965: 59-69.
18) Menn SJ, Sinclair RD, Welch BE. Effect of inspired PC0₂ up to 30 mmHg on response of normal man to exercise. J Appl Physiology 1970: 28; 663-671.
19) Takahashi M. Mano Y, Shibayama M and Yamami N. Effect of closed-circuit breathing apparatus on respiration and metabolism. San-ei-shi 1998; 40: 1-6 (in Japanese).
20) Takahashi M, Mano Y. Shibayama M and Yamami N. Safety evaluation of self-contained self-rescuers. Sanei-shi 1996; 38: 149-155 (in Japanese).

Right : l) Rosenberg BS, White MK. Human factors related to the testing of self-contained breathing apparatus: A review. J ISRP 1991; 9-2: 6-25.
2) Cerretelli P, Sikand SR, Farhi LE. Effect of increased airway resistance on ventilation and gas exchange during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1969; 27: 547-600.
3) Craig FN, Blevins WV, Cummings EG. Exhausting work limited by external resistance and inhalation of carbon dioxide. J Appl Physiol 1970; 29: 847-851.
4) Hermansen L, Vokac Z, Lereim P. Respiratory and circulatory response to added air flow resistance during exercise. Ergonomics 1972; 15: 15-24.
5) Demedts M, Anthonisen NR. Effects of increased airway resistance during steady-state exercise. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 361-366.
6) Flook L, Kelman GR. Submaximal exercise with increased inspiratory resistance to breathing. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 379-384.
7) Dressenbdorfer RH, Wade CE. Combined effects of breathing resistance and hyperoxia on aerobic work tolerance. J Appl Physiol 1977; 42: 444-448.
8) Dahlback GO, Balldin U. Physiological effects of pressure demand masks during heavy exercise. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1984; 45: 177-181.
9) Hof VI. West O, Younes M. Steady-state response of normal subjects to inspiratory resistive load. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 1471-1481.
10) D'urzo AD, Chapman KR, Bebuck AS. Effect of inspiratory resistive loading on control of ventilation during progressive exercise. J Appl Physiol 1987; 62: l34-140.
ll) Babb T. Turner N, Saupe K, Pawelczyk J. Physical performance during combinations of hypercapnic, resistive, and hot air breathing. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1989; 50: 105-111.
l2) Japanese Standards Association, Closed-circuit oxygen self-rescuers. JIS M 7651, 1996 (in Japanese).
l3) Honda Y. Mechanism of exercise hyperpnea. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med 1992; 41: 425-435 (in Japanese).
14) Yoshida T, Fukuba Y. Control of breathing during exercise. Ann Physiol Anthrop 1992; 11: 479-493 (in Japanese).
l5) Miyamura M, Honda Y. Cardiorespiratory regulation during exercise. Respiration and Circulation 1988; 36: 3-11 (in Japanese)
16) Sechzer PH, Egbert LD, Linde HW, Cooper DY, Dripps RD. Price HL. Effect of C0₂ inhalation on arterial pressure, ECG and plasma catecholamines and 17-0H corticosteroids in normal man. J Appl Physiol 1960; 15: 451-458.
17) Comroe JH. The response to carbon dioxide, Physiology of respiration. Chicago: Year book medical publishers, 1965: 59-69.
18) Menn SJ, Sinclair RD, Welch BE. Effect of inspired PC0₂ up to 30 mmHg on response of normal man to exercise. J Appl Physiology 1970: 28; 663-671.
19) Takahashi M. Mano Y, Shibayama M and Yamami N. Effect of closed-circuit breathing apparatus on respiration and metabolism. San-ei-shi 1998; 40: 1-6 (in Japanese).
20) Takahashi M, Mano Y. Shibayama M and Yamami N. Safety evaluation of self-contained self-rescuers. Sanei-shi 1996; 38: 149-155 (in Japanese).

Date of correction: April 07, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Abstract

Effects of breathing resistance while inhaling 30% carbon dioxide during steady-state exercise: Masayoshi TAKAHASHI, et al. National Institute for Resources and Environment-The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of breathing resistance on the human body while inhaling 3% Carbon dioxide and to evaluate the appropriateness of self-contained self-rescuer (SCBA) criteria in the Japan Industrial Standard (JIS). Eight male subjects volunteered for the study and breathed both normal air and 3% carbon dioxide with both low and high breathing resistance during moderate steady-state exercise. The high breathing resistance produced a pressure level that was almost the same as the upper permitted limit for SCBA in the JIS. Increasing the breathing resistance did not cause any significant effect on the human body while breathing normal air but, in the case of 3% carbon dioxide, the high resistance increased end-tidal carbon dioxide significantly and caused strong distress in the test subjects. Based on these results, it is recommended that carbon dioxide levels be kept low to improve human performance while wearin SCBAs.

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