竹之下休蔵の体育論に関する研究

新体育の出発期における体育理念の構想に着目して

抄録

　Kyuzo Takenoshita (1909-1988) was a leader in the reform of physical education in Japanese schools following World War II. This study clarifies Takenoshita's work in the field of physical education during the early postwar period by examining Takenoshita's understanding of Japan's defeat and the directions he sought to take after it.
　Takenoshita envisioned a “new physical education” based on Sukeichi Shinohara's theory of the body. However, he did not criticize the physical education during the war as “Education of the Physical”, but rather as “spiritualism”. Using Shinohara's theory, Takenoshita argued that there should be a change from physical education that suppressed the body as a slave to the spirit, and instead aimed to create physical education that would foster harmony between the body and spirit.
　His experience of restrictions on student sports during the war had let him to recognize that sports had been suppressed by military in Japan. While emphasizing the essential difference between physical education and sports, Takenoshita came to believe that it was important not to distort the belief that sports were an end in themselves, as had happened during the wartime.
　For Takenoshita, believed that the concrete state of physical education was defined by the forms of society and thought of each era, there had been no theoretical contradiction in the continuity of Shinohara's body theory from the war into the post-war period. The continuity of Shinohara's body theory into the post-war period without mentioning the connection between nationalism and Shinohara's body theory during the war would have been criticized as a lack of reflection on past physical education. On the other hand, Takenoshita's theory of physical education, which found educational value in sports based on Shinohara's theory of the body, enabled him to criticize physical education and sports during the war while also developing a post-war philosophy of physical education.