科学技術イノベーション政策の政治学(<特集>科学技術イノベーション政策の科学)

抄録

This article identifies major issues of science, technology and innovation related policies from political science perspective. Specifically this article focuses on discretional decisions involving political judgments embedded in science, technology and innovation related policies and regulations, and mechanism/institutional design for those decisions. Power relations among actors are built in those decisions. Concretely, first, the scope of science, technology and innovation policies is delineated as a precondition. Second, arenas of discretional decisions and power relations among actors on those decisions are identified in the context of risk assessment and risk management involving selecting/weighting of various risks/benefits and judgment relating to uncertainty and values. Focused actors include governmental organizations, experts, private enterprises and various international organizations. Third, issues related to institutional design of knowledge production and accident investigation are identified. Fourth, mechanisms and power relations of lock-in of socio-technical systems and unlocking of those systems are identified. Finally, roles and issues of comprehensive coordinating mechanism and assessment mechanism/method are identified.