This paper presents a cross-cultural study on concepts of "experiment" between Western Modern Science, i.e., W-M science, and Japanese culture. This study will make it possible to liberate science educators in Japan as well as those in other non-Western nations from a dogma which forces them to accept the universality of W-M scienee. The first step of the study is to establish a viewpoint to relativize the worldview of W-M scienee to that of Japanese culture in a synchronic perspective; in other words, W-M seience is recognized to be a possible alternative in science educatioru. The second is to coin undefined terms that include "experiment". They have no intensions and encompass both intellectual systems concerned. The third is to establish an axiomatic system to illustrate a relation between the undefined terms. The axiom is as follows : In the sphere of [EXPERIlVIBNTJ, [NATURE] is[0BSERVEI)]. In this axiom, each of the undefined terms is written in capital letters and stressed by a pair of brackets. Since undefined terms have no intensions, the respective cultural aspects of both "jikken" and "experiment" can be derived from the axiom. In this process, science educators can be aware of "jikken" incommensurable with "experiment". Within the axiomatic relation as a reference frame for science education research, an epistemological reflection of pupils' and students' culture can be accomplished in science education.
