生徒が導出した到達目標（生物の共通性）による生物概念形成を支援するパフォーマンス課題と評価―中学校第１学年「生物の観察と分類の仕方」の単元設計を事例として―

抄録

The 7^th grade unit “How to observe and classify organisms” of the course of study for lower secondary schools in Japan, publicized in 2017, states the following: “Lower secondary school students should understand how to compare various organisms and classify them based on their commonalities and differences, and should acquire the basics of classification methods.” This is the first unit that new lower secondary school students study. It has been pointed out that Japanese elementary school students do not pay much attention to biological endogeneity, when they compare living things. In future, when new lower secondary school students will be learning this unit, practical research that emphasizes the commonality of organisms (definition of organisms) and verifies the process of biological concepts including endogeneity, is to be expected. Therefore, in this research, we developed a performance assessment regarding the commonality of organisms (definition of organisms) for the 7^th grade unit of “How to observe and classify organisms”; the purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of its assessment and the formation process of biological concepts. Through analyzing the performance assessment, we were able to explain one part of the formation process of biological concepts and the direction of this type of authentic assessments among lower secondary school students.