科学的主張の信頼性を評価するチェックリストの開発と試行

抄録

This study extracted perspectives on evaluating the reliability of scientific claims. Based on the results, we developed a checklist for evaluating the reliability of scientific claims (COSML). COSML consists of the following eight items and corresponding sub-items. 1. Where is the source of the information?, 2. How reliable is the evidence (data)?, 3. How reliable is the interpretation?, 4. Has the scientific community reviewed it?, 5. How reliable are the researchers?, 6. Are there gatekeepers?, 7. Is there any exaggeration in media representation?, 8. Do you have any assumptions or biases?

A lesson was developed and tested to promote understanding of the meaning of each item and to evaluate real-life examples of scientific claims. The ability to evaluate the reliability of scientific claims was improved through learning related to COSML and case analysis using COSML. Secondary evaluation, which was unfamiliar to students, was also greatly improved. From the above, we believe that the item setting of COSML and the corresponding activities have generally achieved their objectives. An improvement in media literacy related to epistemological beliefs about the “sources” and “certainty” of science and “tolerance for cognitive bias” is also an effect of COSML.