東京女子医科大学雑誌
Online ISSN : 2432-6178
Print ISSN : 0040-9022
ISSN-L : 0040-9022
総説 性差医療
(1)乳腺外科領域
神尾 孝子
著者情報
ジャーナル オープンアクセス

2019 年 89 巻 1 号 p. 1-6

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Gender-specific medicine involves the treatment of diseases in male and female reproductive systems separately, as well as in organs common to both genders considering their biological and social differences. Biological sex determination and differentiation are driven by the interaction of genetic and endocrinologic factors. Social factors also contribute to sexual differences in diseases. Both male and female bodies have breast tissues; however, hormones affect their differences in development, structure, and physiological changes and diseases. Estrogen stimulates epithelial proliferation and is associated with mammary gland lesions. In breast cancer, elevated expression of synthetase produces estrogen. Therefore, estrogen-dependent proliferation of breast cancer can occur in men and postmenopausal women. In benign mammary gland lesions, the estrogen level is higher than normal owing to reduction in metabolizing enzymes. Breast cancer is the most important disease requiring breast surgery and is the most predominant cancer among women. Breast cancer in men accounts for only 0.6% relative to the incidence rate in women. Among female mammary gland diseases, benign lesions such as fibroadenoma and mastopathy are rarely indicated for surgery. In contrast, when men present at outpatient departments with mammary gland disease, the diagnosis is almost always gynecomastia. We herein describe the characteristics of breast cancer and gynecomastia. Although female breast cancer research is constantly progressing, more studies in male breast cancer are warranted. New results are anticipated in gender-specific medicine.

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© 2019 東京女子医科大学学会

この記事はクリエイティブ・コモンズ [表示 4.0 国際]ライセンスの下に提供されています。 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons [Attribution 4.0 International] license.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja
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