シンポジウム“動物感染症に関するワクチンの話題”
口蹄疫のワクチンとDIVA
2023 年 27 巻 2 号 p. 104-107
詳細
2023 年 27 巻 2 号 p. 104-107
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease for cloven-hoofed animals. An FMD outbreak can cause devastating economic damages, particularly in a region where FMD is not endemic. There are seven immunologically distinct serotypes of the FMD virus. Based on the differences in VP1 sequences, serotypes have been further divided into several genotypes. Although FMD vaccines play an important role in the world to control FMD, because of the broad antigenic diversity of FMDV, it is important to estimate the antigenic match between the vaccine and field virus.
Since the FMD vaccine utilize inactivated and purified whole viral particles (146S), vaccination almost exclusively induces antibodies against structural proteins (SP). In contrast, FMDV infections induce both antibodies to SP and nonstructural proteins (NSP). Therefore, the detection of NSP specific antibodies enables to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).
It is to note that FMD vaccines do not offer complete protection to vaccinated animals, leaving them susceptible to secondary infections with field isolates, which may lead to asymptomatic and persistent infections. This poses a significant concern for the further spread of the disease and hinder efforts to control and eradicate FMD in future.
