抄録
The Japan Travel Bureau, presently the world largest travel agent now, originated from a semi-governmental organization called the Japan Tourist Bureau in 1911 for the purposes of promotion and reception of foreign tourists. The Bureau was run with annual fees of members such as Japanese National Railways, shipping companies, hotels etc. The Bureau offered services to foreigners free of charge. In those days most tourists came to Japan by ships, so their number was limited to around 30,000 at the most. However to meet the increased cost of management, revenues other than annual members’ fees, which in any case was inelastic against inflation had to be found. The Bureau relied on commission from ticket sales to foreigners and Japanese nationals gradually, since the Japanese had also begun traveling for pleasure from the end of the Taisho Era (1912-1926). However the Japanese National Railways, the biggest tourist business in those days, was reluctant to offer commission on single tickets and did not do so until 1932. Once the commission was allowed and all group tour business handled by the Railways transferred to Japan Tourist Bureau in 1935, the Bureau was developed under the assistance of the military regime. After the war ended, the Japan Tourist Bureau re-emerged as Japan Travel Bureau.
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