指導要録における「評価の観点」の史的変遷

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to list the historical transition of assessment items for the Japanese language in cumulative guidance records and to assess the improvements to the learning assessment process. To this end, this paper discusses the following two areas separately on the basis of the official notice: the framework and purpose, and the relationship between the assessment items and the structure of the course of study. The results of the same are as listed below. (1) "Assessment by item" was introduced shortly after World War II to improve the method of teaching based on learning assessments. This assessment method was underestimated for a while due to the practical problems it entailed, but has regained its popularity today. (2) The twists and turns that the "assessments by item" system experienced made it possible to entrench and enhance the assessment items that meet our goal, as well as to overcome the difficulties encountered in making use of learning assessments toward improving the prevalent teaching methods. (3) The assessment items for the Japanese language reflect the characteristics of the subject and the items emphasized for each period. As seen above, the revision to cumulative guidance records reflects the improvements that have taken place in the learning assessments carried out in schools as well as the purpose of the revision to the course of study.