日本LCA学会誌
Online ISSN : 1881-0519
Print ISSN : 1880-2761
ISSN-L : 1880-2761
事例論文
コンパクト粉末衣料用洗剤のLIME2による環境影響の変遷
大田和 康規三浦 泰毅伊坪 徳宏
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ジャーナル フリー

2015 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 300-307

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Objective. It is pointed out that environmental impacts other than climate change are apt to be neglected, while concern about global warming makes us focus on CO2 emission through product lifecycle. Kao Corporation launched synthetic laundry detergent in 1951. Since 1951, Kao has been improved it in terms of detergency, cost and environment. The biggest innovation was in 1987 when Kao launched compact type of powder laundry detergent, “Attack” which volume was reduced to 25% of the conventional one, “Newbeads”. Since then, compact powder laundry detergent became standard in Japan and has been kept improving. We have evaluated the change of environmental impact of compact powder laundry detergents by LIME2 which is enable us to evaluate a wide range of its environmental impact. In evaluating, scenarios for land transfer, land occupation and wasted surfactants have been newly introduced, because vegetable fat and oil is feedstock of surfactant used in the detergents.
Results and Discussion. The evaluation has been done through whole lifecycle of powder laundry detergent, which includes procurement of raw materials, manufacturing, transport, use and waste. In the use stage, drying step of clothes and manufacturing step of a washing machine have been excluded. The land classification for growing oil producing plants has been assigned to crop land transferred from forest. For the scenario of wasted surfactants, the following conditions such as sewage line adoption rate, N2O emission rate as to combustion temperature of sewage sludge, SOx removal efficiency and NOx removal efficiency in Japan have been taken into account. Compared to a conventional detergent, Newbeads, successive 4 compact powder detergents, Attack have been discussed in both views of characterization evaluation and integration evaluation. The environmental impact of the latest Attack launched in 2011 has reduced by 66% in integration evaluation from Newbeads. That is because of detergency improvement, amount reduction of surfactants, volume reduction of package, saving water function of washing machine and so on. In characterization evaluation, trade-off between global warming and land use has been seen depending on the difference of raw materials used. The impact of air pollution derived from wasted surfactants was less than 1% of whole impacts.
Conclusions. In evaluating lifecycle environmental impact of powder laundry detergents by LIME2, new scenarios for land use which occurred in connection with bio-based surfactants and wasted surfactant have been introduced. Since this methodology teaches us comprehensive environmental impact, we could develop a new powder laundry detergent having lower environmental load. We will make an effort to familiarize eco- friendly laundry custom with LIME2 evaluation.

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