Taxonomic status of Melitaea niphona Butler, 1878, is revised. Though it has long been treated as a Japanese subspecies of Mellicta athalia (Rottemburg) or of M. britomartis (Assmann), present examination revealed that it should be treated as a subspecies of Mellicta ambigua (Menetries). M. ambigua niphona from Japan and Korea can be separated from the continental athalia and bntomartis by the genitalia, wing pattern and morphological characters of the early stages.