Pathological Changes After Autologous Formalin-Fixed Tumor Vaccine Therapy Combined With Temozolomide for Glioblastoma

—Three Case Reports—

抄録

Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent widely used for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has the potential to enhance the acquired immune response to GBM. Here, we describe 3 cases of GBM patients treated with autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) combined with TMZ. All cases demonstrated pathological changes associated with the therapy. After a 4-week break from the standard initial treatments, 1 patient with primary GBM and 2 patients with secondary GBM received adjuvant TMZ for 5 days combined with AFTV injection and were subsequently treated with multiple cycles of adjuvant TMZ for 5 days every 28 days (AFTV/TMZ therapy). Adverse effects related to AFTV plus TMZ were very minor in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed partial response in 2 patients. CD3⁺CD8⁺ lymphocytes were frequently detected in surgical specimens and MIB-1 labeling index in 2 cases decreased after AFTV/TMZ therapy. AFTV/TMZ therapy is suitable for larger scale clinical trials.