危機管理の概念と類型

抄録

Crisis has been defined in so various ways by behavioral, historical and other sciences. Most of definitions, particularly in the cold war era, are military oriented. Since the end of the cold war, however, a new definition of crisis and a new concept of crisis control has been required to cope with a looming new security environment,

in which there is a non-military as well as military crisis. In this essay, crisis is defined as a ’ high probability of damage to acquired values’ based on the definition of security as a ’ low probability of damage to acquired values’ by David Baldwin. According to this definition, the purpose of crisis control is how a ’ high probability of damage to acquired values’ can be lowered and kept as low as possible. It is just the same purpose of security. In this vein, crisis control is another aspect of security.

As a definition of security has been changing since the end of the cold war, a concept of crisis control has been also transforming in the post-cold war era. The field of crisis control is widening from military to non-military one, that is, politics, culture, economics and environment. In addition to widening fields, the level of actor of crisis control is extending from national to non-national level, that is, subnational, supra-national or trans-national actor level. As a result, threats tackled by crisis control includes even non-military one like environment pollution as well as armed conflicts with which the traditional crisis control has dealt.

After all, how well crisis control works depnds on how much important

’acquired values’ is to crisis managers.