5　核なき世界と戦争なき世界――グローバルな紛争構造の転換への視座

抄録

Since the U.S. President Obama’s Prague Speech on “A World without Nuclear Weapons” in April 2009, the tide and expectation toward it are mounting all over the world. But his vision itself is a reflection of the U.S. strategic and security interests and it is now facing a grave difficulty emanating from U.S. domestic politics and the logical gap between the U.S. pursuit of superiority and the search for “a world without nuclear weapons”.

This paper tries to situate the agenda for “a world without nuclear weapons” in a broader perspective of transformation of the world into less conflict prone structure where mutual confidence rather than mistrust could play a larger role. We argue that without such structural transformation in perspective those efforts for “a world without nuclear weapons” may turn out to be fatally flawed. The paper first tries to discuss the problems originating from the security dilemma where fear and uncertainty of the future force the states into a spiral of mounting mistrusts in an anarchic structure of international politics. We argue that if the security dilemma remains the basic feature of the international politics it is quite difficult to create a stable structure of “a world without nuclear weapons”. Then the paper talks about the process of the end of the Cold War as a concrete example of solving the security dilemma. We argue that the redefinition of the security issues as a common one by Palme Commission and the capacity and the security dilemma sensibility of the political leaders were the keys to creating a mutually trusting relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and overcoming the Cold War. The paper goes on to discuss the asymmetric conflicts between the powerful nations and the nuclear proliferators, the failing states and terrorists. We call for a unilateral action for tension reduction from the side of the powerful in order to create a more preferable environment for a less conflict prone and trust based world.