5　平和構築への女性の関与　ジェンダー主流化のパラドックス

抄録

This paper aims to shed some light on women’s engagement in the processes of peace building after armed conflicts. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (SCR 1325) seeks to mainstream gender perspectives and achieve gender equality. In order to do this, it encourages the member states to include women fromboth public institutions and civil society in the policy-making processes of peace building. The expectation is that the increase of women’s involvement will prompt states to reform their traditionally male-dominated classical security frameworks. Scholars and institutions that advocate the promotion of gender mainstreaming expect that the participation of women will serve to not only bring gender perspectives into peace building, but also democratize the policy-making processes.

However, it is necessary to recognize that such expectations depend on the following dichotomized views: (1) The basis for differentiating civil society from the state rests on the fact that civil society has nothing to do with the exercise of power and the practice of governance; and, (2) The basis for differentiating women from men is that women are peaceful and men are not. These essentialized dichotomies tend to overlook the fact that the purpose of including women from civil society is to maintain, rather than reform, the classical frameworks of security. In this respect, by drawing on the Foucauldian perspective of Governmentality, this paper attempts to make the relationship between civil society and governance visible. More specifically, it explores how the Canadian Committee on Women, Peace and Security, which consists of civil society representatives, government officials, and parliamentarians, aims at the full implementation of SCR 1325, and transforms women into feminized subjects in the form of “peacemakers.”