抄録
Wetlands, as a critical component of the Earth’s ecosystems, play an irreplaceable role in maintaining global carbon cycling, regulating water resources, and conserving biodiversity. In recent years, the intensification of global change, shifts in land use, and advances in emerging technologies have driven wetland science toward interdisciplinary integration and intelligent development. This study presents a systematic review of four frontier topics in wetland science. It first explores the complex interactions between wetlands and global change, with a focus on how variations in climatic factors influence hydrological processes and carbon fluxes, along with their ecological feedbacks. It then outlines new trends in biodiversity conservation, emphasizing the application of metagenomics and molecular ecology in uncovering genetic mechanisms and formulating conservation strategies. Next, it highlights the integrated use of intelligent technologies—such as remote sensing, big data, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things—in wetland monitoring and management. Finally, it analyzes pathways for the quantitative assessment of ecosystem services, particularly the identification of trade-offs and synergies across multiple spatial scales. This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the scientific protection, precise restoration, and sustainable management of wetland ecosystems.
