抄録
Water supply–demand relationships are increasingly shaped by the combined effects of climate change, socio-economic development, and growing resource constraints, requiring a transition from conventional resource allocation toward integrated systems-based analyses. This review synthesizes four major research frontiers in contemporary water resources science: resilience and robustness of water systems under extreme hydrological events, multi-objective coordination within the water–energy–food nexus, intelligent regulation of urban water systems through socio-ecological-technological coupling, and regional water resource optimization based on nature-based solutions and ecosystem services. By integrating interdisciplinary perspectives and multi-scale analytical frameworks, this study reveals the emerging shift from single-sector management toward resilience-oriented, coupled human–natural system governance, highlighting the growing convergence of engineering, ecological, and socio-economic approaches in addressing water supply–demand challenges. The proposed synthesis provides an integrated theoretical framework for advancing research on water supply–demand relationships and identifies key directions for developing resilient and sustainable water governance under global environmental change.
