大学大衆化時代における看護教育大学化に関する課題

抄録

This paper concerns a study to discover themes in nurse's education, which has noticeably become a university subject in Japan. In recent years universities are becoming increasingly open. In this paper, what was considered to be important to education during the early era of a nurse's higher-education is given a hermeneutic analysis based on gathered materials, and the points which should be acknowledged as problems will be shown. In the early stage of university education, humanity education was considered as more important than specialized job training. However, today, in order to increase nurse's social status and people's understanding about nurses, expertise is more pursued. In the study to become a nurse, human existence was broken up in order to systematize the study, and it specialized in a holistic form of human understanding or thought processes from one's unique viewpoint. If people who wish to be nurses can only receive an education which is biased towards a holistic form of human understanding or thought processes which are taught only through the filter of expertise, this will mean that these people can not receive a satisfactory education as holistic human beings. Thus, this is a paradox, and this will not lead to a real holistic understanding of human beings. Today's education for nurses faces a situation in which nurses who are supposed to contribute to people and society are lacking in the social knowledge of their patients. When a new university system was created in the past, the institution for higher education for nurses was expected to nurture "women with education and elegance," and virtue as a human being was taught, while one was being trained for one's job. In addition, the academic spirit as well as the broad range of education other than in specialties had importance laid on it. A human education through a cultured professional education was aimed at, but this didn't mean a kind of job training. It is important for the field of nursing to seek expertise and to aim at being a profession, but academic study in nursing doesn't exist only as job-training. If a nurse is to be nurtured at a university, the aim has to be to nurture "a cultured professional" through the cultivation of the academic spirit. For this, educators themselves are expected to have a higher and a broader range of sophistication in an environment where they can be conscious that they have a holistic existence. And also, while they seek for specialties, they are expected to provide their students with an environment where they can learn more than such specialties. At universities which are becoming more open we must give serious thought towards how to carry out education that provides for "a cultured professional" and character formation within the paradox of seeking specialties and character formation. I propose this as the theme of this essay.