Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: the Odyssey against Degeneration

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Glaucoma is one of the most common worldwide ophthalmologic diseases that cause loss of vision. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. It has been suggested that intraocular pressure(IOP)is merely one of the many risk factors for this disease. Current treatment options for this disease have been limited to the reduction of IOP; however, it is clear that the disease continues to progress in many patients despite the effective lowering of IOP. The search for neuroprotective strategies is ongoing, and numerous experimental studies have suggested that several pathologic processes are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and have proposed new treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent development of neuroprotection in glaucoma and discuss the differences between preclinical studies and human clinical trials.