民間航空機産業の取引変化とクラスター形成

―中部圏を事例として―

抄録

The Chubu district produced military airplanes before World War II, and thus served as an area of agglomeration for the aircraft industry. For example, Mitsubishi Heavy Industry and Kawasaki Heavy Industry operated in this district. After World War II, the factories were re-tooled to produce both civil and military aircraft, thus maintaining this industrial agglomeration in the Chubu district. After 1990s, civil aircraft production gradually increased and eventually surpassed that of Japanese military aircraft. Moreover, all aircraft companies emphasized cost reduction in the production of civil airplanes during this time, and thus it was necessary to shorten lead times by reorganizing the supply chain. In addition, the main materials for civil aircraft changed from metal to carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Consequently, the agglomerated aircraft industry in the Chubu district was reorganized because of the change in production methods and materials used for civil aircraft. In particular, Boeing 787 production led to a substantial reorganization of the supply chain, which also brought with it a new factory located in the Chubu district. The Japanese government supported this change by establishing a special deregulated zone. In other words, the aircraft industry in the Chubu district became an industrial cluster through changes in industrial transactions, national and regional industrial policy, and the existence of support organizations.