The Activation of Cones in Scotopic and Rods in Photopic Vision

YOICHI SUGITA; KYOJI TASAKI

doi:10.1620/tjem.156.311

YOICHI SUGITA, KYOJI TASAKI

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Keywords: rods, cones, rod-cone interaction, dark adaptation, color vision

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1988 Volume 156 Issue 4 Pages 311-317

DOI https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.156.311

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Published: 1988 Received: August 03, 1988 Available on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006 Accepted: October 04, 1988 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : SUGITA, Y. and TASAKI, K. The Activation of Cones in Scotopic and Rods in Photopic Vision. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1988, 156 (4), 311-317-Over the whole course of dark adaptation, light- and color detection thresholds were measured. At 6° in the nasal visual field, the effect of wavelength was examined. After the rod-cone break (Kohlrausch kink), the color threshold began to rise while, the light threshold was progressively decreasing. The rise of the color threshold was more remarkable as the test wavelength was more close to the peak wavelength for rod sensitivity. With green test light, the sensitivity difference of retinal position was investigated. The rise of the color threshold was more prominent at the retinal position where rods were more densely packed. Finally, the Stiles-Crawford effect was examined with a green test light at 12° in the nasal visual field. This effect appeared for the color threshold over the whole course of dark adaptation but not for the light threshold even before the rod-cone break. It was concluded that the rod activation interferes with cone sensitivity and the interference effect becomes stronger as rods become progressively more dark adapted, and that the rod system is also acting even before the rod-cone break.
Right : Over the whole course of dark adaptation, light- and color detection thresholds were measured. At 6° in the nasal visual field, the effect of wavelength was examined. After the rod-cone break (Kohlrausch kink), the color threshold began to rise while the light threshold was progressively decreasing. The rise of the color threshold was more remarkable as the test wavelength was more close to the peak wavelength for rod sensitivity. With green test light, the sensitivity difference of retinal position was investigated. The rise of the color threshold was more prominant at the retinal position where rods were more densely packed. Finally, the Stiles-Crawford effect was examined with a green test light at 12° in the nasal visual field. This effect appeared for the color threshold over the whole course of dark adaptation but not for the light threshold even before the rod-cone break. It was concluded that the rod activation interferes with cone sensitivity and the interference effect becomes stronger as rods become progressively more dark adapted, and that the rod system is also acting even before the rod-cone break.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Cornsweet, T.N. (1970) Visual Perception, Academic Press, New York.
2) Grüsser, O.J. & Grüsser-Cornehls, U. (1978) Physiology of Vision. In: Fundamentals of Sensory Physiology, edited by R.F. Schmidt, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 143.
3) Rodieck, R.W. & Rushton, W.A.H. (1976) Cancellation of rod signals by cones, and cone signals by rods in the cat retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 254, 775-785.
4) Stiles, W.S. & Crawford, B.H. (1933) The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points. Proc. Roy. Soc. (Lond.), B-112, 428-450.
5) Sugita, Y. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Rods also participate in human color vision. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 154, 57-62.
6) Sugita, Y., Itabashi, R. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Cone activation delaying recovery time of rod sensitivity after flash exposure. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 156, 305-310.
7) Tasaki, K., Suzuki, H., Sugita, Y. & Itabashi, R. (1988) Light emitting diode (LED): A simply controlled light source of high accuracy for psychophysical and electrophysiological studies. Jap. J. Ophthal., 34, in press.

Right : 1) Cornsweet, T. N. (1970) Visual Perception, Academic Press, New York.
2) Grüsser, O. J. & Grüsser-Cornehls, U. (1978) Physiology of Vision. In: Fundamentals of Sensory Physiology, edited by R. F. Schmidt, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 143.
3) Rodieck, R. W. & Rushton, W. A. H. (1976) Cancellation of rod signals by cones, and cone signals by rods in the cat retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 254, 775-785.
4) Stiles, W. S. & Crawford, B. H. (1933) The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points. Proc. Roy. Soc. (Lond.), B-112, 428-450.
5) Sugita, Y. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Rods also participate in human color vision. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 154, 57-62.
6) Sugita, Y., Itabashi, R. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Cone activation delaying recovery time of rod sensitivity after flash exposure. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 156, 305-310.
7) Tasaki, K., Suzuki, H., Sugita, Y. & Itabashi, R. (1988) Light emitting diode (LED.) A simply controlled light source of high accuracy for psychophysical and electrophysiological studies. Jap. J. Ophthal., 34, in press.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Cornsweet, T. N. (1970) Visual Perception, Academic Press, New York.
2) Grüsser, O. J. & Grüsser-Cornehls, U. (1978) Physiology of Vision. In: Fundamentals of Sensory Physiology, edited by R. F. Schmidt, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 143.
3) Rodieck, R. W. & Rushton, W. A. H. (1976) Cancellation of rod signals by cones, and cone signals by rods in the cat retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 254, 775-785.
4) Stiles, W. S. & Crawford, B. H. (1933) The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points. Proc. Roy. Soc. (Lond.), B-112, 428-450.
5) Sugita, Y. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Rods also participate in human color vision. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 154, 57-62.
6) Sugita, Y., Itabashi, R. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Cone activation delaying recovery time of rod sensitivity after flash exposure. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 156, 305-310.
7) Tasaki, K., Suzuki, H., Sugita, Y. & Itabashi, R. (1988) Light emitting diode (LED.) A simply controlled light source of high accuracy for psychophysical and electrophysiological studies. Jap. J. Ophthal., 34, in press.

Right : 1) Cornsweet, T. N. (1970) Visual Perception, Academic Press, New York.
2) Grüsser, O. J. & Grüsser-Cornehls, U. (1978) Physiology of Vision. In: Fundamentals of Sensory Physiology, edited by R. F. Schmidt, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 143.
3) Rodieck, R. W. & Rushton, W. A. H. (1976) Cancellation of rod signals by cones, and cone signals by rods in the cat retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 254, 775-785.
4) Stiles, W. S. & Crawford, B. H. (1933) The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points. Proc. Roy. Soc. (Lond.), B-112, 428-450.
5) Sugita, Y. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Rods also participate in human color vision. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 154, 57-62.
6) Sugita, Y., Itabashi, R. & Tasaki, K. (1988) Cone activation delaying recovery time of rod sensitivity after flash exposure. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 156, 305-310.
7) Tasaki, K., Suzuki, H., Sugita, Y. & Itabashi, R. (1988) Light emitting diode (LED.): A simply controlled light source of high accuracy for psychophysical and electrophysiological studies. Jap. J. Ophthal., 34, in press.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Abstract

Over the whole course of dark adaptation, light- and color detection thresholds were measured. At 6° in the nasal visual field, the effect of wavelength was examined. After the rod-cone break (Kohlrausch kink), the color threshold began to rise while the light threshold was progressively decreasing. The rise of the color threshold was more remarkable as the test wavelength was more close to the peak wavelength for rod sensitivity. With green test light, the sensitivity difference of retinal position was investigated. The rise of the color threshold was more prominant at the retinal position where rods were more densely packed. Finally, the Stiles-Crawford effect was examined with a green test light at 12° in the nasal visual field. This effect appeared for the color threshold over the whole course of dark adaptation but not for the light threshold even before the rod-cone break. It was concluded that the rod activation interferes with cone sensitivity and the interference effect becomes stronger as rods become progressively more dark adapted, and that the rod system is also acting even before the rod-cone break.

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