「災厄」の生成と変容

――バリ島東部の黒呪術事件におけるプロセスからの考察――

抄録

  This research focuses on cases of ‘Black magic (ilmu hitamu / pengiwa)’ that befell a family in the eastern portion of Bali Island. In many ethnic groups around the world, black magicians are excluded or sanctioned. However, black magicians of Bali (leak) are an anomoly in that they are both allowed to participate in a ritual in a family, while simultaneously being excluded. Here develops a contradictory situation where exclusion and inclusion happen simultaneously within the same group. This paper analyses the disaster caused by black magic experienced by one family in their life.

  I arrange chronologically and analyse the various narratives by the family victims of black magic. By doing this, I am able to show how black magic affects the social practices of each family member, such as seeking the assistance of a medicine man (balian) or counselling with a mediumistic diviner (tukang tenung). These actions results in social, moral, and political positional changes in the family.

  People utilize various cultural resources when facing a stressful situation. Narratives of trance-possession play an important role in making their decisions. They believe that those words have cultural authority and become a direction for their actions. It is an important point that rituals of ancestor worship are used as a solution. If the ancestor worship service is performed, order in the invisible world is restored, and black magic power disappear, which results in accepting the black magician as a family member.

  Two orders of logic were found in this analysis. One is that black magic confuses the order in the invisible world and invites disaster into the visible world. The other is that the ritual of ancestor worship corrects and maintains order in the invisible world. These two orders of logic, while being situated on diffent levels, are nevertheless closely connected.